Scapula
It is a thin, roughly triangular, irregular bone which is present on posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage of the body. There are two scapulae present on each side of the body that are almost similar to each other. It is also called the shoulder blade. It is the bone that connects the humerus bone of upper limb (at glenohumeral joint) to the clavicle bone (collar bone) (at acromioclavicular joint) of main axial skeleton of the body.
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Scapula
It has two surfaces: The costal surface (also called subscapular fossa, ventral surface) is marked by three longitudinal ridges. The dorsal surface is attached to the spine of the scapula. This spine divides this surface into a smaller supraspinous and a larger infraspinous fossa. Lateral to the root of this spine, there is present a spinoglenoid notch which connects the two fossae. It has three borders: The superior border is thin and short and has a suprascapular notch (near the root of the coracoids process) The lateral border is thick. It has the infraglenoid tubercle, at its upper end. The medial border is thin and extends from medial border to the superior border. It has three angles: The superior angle The inferior angle The lateral angle (also called glenoid angle). It has glenoid fossa It has three processes: The spinous process (also called spine). It is present on the dorsal surface of the scapula. The acromion The coracoids process
Muscles that are inserted on scapula: Rhomboideus major is inserted between the root of the spine and the inferior angle, into the medial border Rhomboideus minor is inserted, opposite the root of the spine, just above the rhomboideus major , into the medial border Levator scapulae is inserted on medial border (dorsal aspect) just above the rhomboideus minor Pectoralis minor is inserted on the medial border and coracoids process Serratus anterior is inserted along the medial border but on its costal surface Trapezius is inserted into the acromion and the crest of the spine Muscles that arises from scapula: The inferior belly of omohyoid arises from the suprascapular notch Teres major arises from the dorsal aspect of the lateral border The teres minor arises from the dorsal aspect of the lateral border just above the teres major The long head of the triceps brachii originates from the infraglenoid tubercle Coracobrachialis arises from the tip of the coracoids process The long head of the biceps brachii originates from the supraglenoid tubercle, whereas the short head originates from the coracoids process Deltoid arises from the crest of the spine and from acromion Infraspinatus arises from the infraspinous fossa and some lower surface of the spine Supraspinatus arises from the supraspinous fossa Subscapularis arises from the subscapular fossa Ligaments that are attached to the scapula: Spinoglenoid ligament (bridges spinoglenoid cavity), supraspinous ligament (bridges suprascapular notch), coracoclavicular ligament, coracohumeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament and the capsule of the shoulder joint (attached to the margins of the glenoid cavity).
The scapular bone due to its structure, mobility and complex covering of the surrounding muscles is rarely fractured. If fracture occurs that means there was a severe chest trauma and most of the time the fractured pieces of the bone are held at its place due to the thick and complex layers of the muscles covering it If there is paralysis of serratus anterior muscle then the winging of the scapula occurs. It means the medial border of the bone becomes abnormally prominent on the back of the person and the arm of the winged scapula side is not abducted beyond 90 degree There may be abnormal scapular function which is called scapular dyskinesis.
GENERAL BONY FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA
ATTACHMENTS OF THE SCAPULAR BONE
SOME CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THE SCAPULA
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