Anatomic.us > Skeletal System > Appendicular Skeleton

Tibia

Tibia, also known as shake bone or shine bone, is a stronger and larger bone of the two bones in leg which connects ankle bones with the knee in vertebrates. Tibia is connected to fibula by an interosseous membrane, forming a joint called Syndesmosis. This joint has very little mobility. Tibia is known to be one the strongest weight bearing bones of the human body.

Tibia is the second largest bone next to femur in human anatomy. Tibia categorized as large bone is composed of a diaphysis and two epiphyses. Midsection of the tibia is the diaphysis also known as body or shaft. Epiphyses are two round extremities of the bone. The formation of bone starts from three ossification centers:

  • One center lies in the center of the bone, known as the shaft.

  • The upper center lies close to the thigh also known as superior or proximal extremity.

  • The lower center lies close to the foot also known as inferior or distal extremity.

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Tibia

BLOOD SUPPLY

The arterial blood supply to tibia includes:

  1. Nutrient artery is the major artery supplying blood to tibia.

  2. Another artery is the periosteal vessels, which is derived from the anterior tibial artery.

JOINTS

Tibia forms four joints; knee, ankle, superior tibiofibular joint and inferior tibiofibular joint. The tibiofibular joints are formed between tibia and fibula allowing very little movement.

  1. In the knee region tibia makes articulation with femur referred as tibiofemoral components of the knee joint. This is the part of the knee joint which bears weight.

  2. Superior or proximal tibiofibular joint is a small plane joint formed between undersurface of the head of fibula and lateral tibial condoyle. The joint capsule is further strengthened by anterior and posterior ligament of the head of fibula.

  3. Inferior or distal tibiofibular joint is formed between the convex, rough, distal end of tibia and rough, concave, lateral side of the lower end of fibula.

  4. The ankle joint is also known as talocrural joint. This joint connects distal ends of tibia and fibula to the proximal end of talus.

MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS

Tibia has in total 11 muscle attachment out of which seven insert and four originate from Tibia. The muscles are as follows:

  1. Tensor fasciae latae muscle

  2. Quadriceps femoris muscle

  3. Sartorius muscle

  4. Gracilis muscle

  5. Semitendinosus muscle

  6. Semimembranosus muscle

  7. Popliteus muscle

  8. Tibialis anterior muscle

  9. Extensor digitorum longus muscle

  10. Soleus muscle

  11. Flexor digitorum longus muscle

STRENGTH

The tibia has been designed to take an axial force during walking that is upto 4.7 times of bodyweight. In bending backwards this force is up to 71.6 times bodyweight.

 


BLOOD SUPPLY

The arterial blood supply to tibia includes:

  1. Nutrient artery is the major artery supplying blood to tibia.

  2. Another artery is the periosteal vessels, which is derived from the anterior tibial artery.

JOINTS

Tibia forms four joints; knee, ankle, superior tibiofibular joint and inferior tibiofibular joint. The tibiofibular joints are formed between tibia and fibula allowing very little movement.

  1. In the knee region tibia makes articulation with femur referred as tibiofemoral components of the knee joint. This is the part of the knee joint which bears weight.

  2. Superior or proximal tibiofibular joint is a small plane joint formed between undersurface of the head of fibula and lateral tibial condoyle. The joint capsule is further strengthened by anterior and posterior ligament of the head of fibula.

  3. Inferior or distal tibiofibular joint is formed between the convex, rough, distal end of tibia and rough, concave, lateral side of the lower end of fibula.

  4. The ankle joint is also known as talocrural joint. This joint connects distal ends of tibia and fibula to the proximal end of talus.

MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS

Tibia has in total 11 muscle attachment out of which seven insert and four originate from Tibia. The muscles are as follows:

  1. Tensor fasciae latae muscle

  2. Quadriceps femoris muscle

  3. Sartorius muscle

  4. Gracilis muscle

  5. Semitendinosus muscle

  6. Semimembranosus muscle

  7. Popliteus muscle

  8. Tibialis anterior muscle

  9. Extensor digitorum longus muscle

  10. Soleus muscle

  11. Flexor digitorum longus muscle

STRENGTH

The tibia has been designed to take an axial force during walking that is upto 4.7 times of bodyweight. In bending backwards this force is up to 71.6 times bodyweight.

 

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