STRUCTURE AND POSITION

●       Uterus has been divided into further parts. It has a Fundus, Corpus and Cervix (with Internal and External Os).

●       Uterus can be divided into 3 layers :

• Endometrium : it is the innermost layer of the Uterus made of mucous membrane epithelium and basal layer.

• Myometrium : it is the middle and thick layer of the Uterus. It contains smooth muscle cells.

• Perimetrium : it is the outer lining of the Uterus. It is made up of loose connective tissue.

●       Uterus is present in the pelvic region in connection with Vagina. Its main support there are Pelvic Diaphragm, Perineal Body and Urogenital Diaphragm. It is supported there by many ligaments like :

• Uterosacral Ligament

• Cardinal Ligament

• Pubocervical Ligament

• Broad ligament of Uterus is formed by Peritoneum covering it from outside. However it doesn’t form its proper support.

BLOOD SUPPLY

Uterus is supplied by Ovarian Artery and Uterine Artery and their branches.

NERVE SUPPLY

Sensory nerve supply is by T11 and T12 thoracic nerves. Hypogastric and Ovarian plexus supply it with Sympathetic fibres. Parasympathetic nerve supply arises from S2, S3 and S4 sacral nerves.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

•        Uterus is frequently involved in prolapse (falling out of vagina).
•        Cancers and tumors also arise in Uterus and its parts.
•        Fibroids (excessive and abnormal growth of fibres and tumor) can form inside Uterus.
•        Uterus can be malformed and have abnormal shape.