Anatomic.us > Nervous System > Brain

Cerebellum

The word Cerebellum itself is Latin which means Little Brain. This part of the brain plays an important role in the motor controls. Its main functions include Cognitive functions like attention and language. It also regulates fear and pleasure responses. It receives signals from spinal cord and other brain parts. Cerebellum has the shape of the separate structure beneath the Cerebral Hemispheres attached to the brain’s bottom.

 

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Cerebellum


ANATOMY

Cerebellum consists of tight layers of Cortex and white matter (one of the two components of Central Nervous system) underneath it. It has many Nuclei embedded in the White matter and a fluid at the base known as Ventricle (fluid filled cavities in human brain). Cerebellum can be divided into several hundred or thousand independent functioning modules called Microzones or Microcompartments.

It is located at the bottom of brain having large mass of Cerebral Cortex above it and part of Brainstem named as Pons (part of brainstem linking Medulla Oblongata and Thalamus) in front of it. Its connection with all other brain is through these Pons. Like cerebral Cortex it is also divided into two hemispheres also having the narrow midline named Vermis. By its folds the overall structure is divided into set of ten smaller Lobules. Cerebellum has more Neurons than the rest of the brain due to its large number of tiny Granule cells. Based on its appearance there are three lobes in the Cerebellum i.e.

  • Anterior Lobe

  • Posterior Lobe

  • Flocculonodular Lobe

The two neurons that has important feature in the Cerebral Circuit are as follows.

  • Purkinje Cells

  • Granule Cells

It has three types of Axons playing key role i.e.

  • Mossy Fibers

  • Climbing Fibers

  • Parallel Fibers

Cerebral Cortex is divided into three layers which are as follows.

  • Granular Layer; situated at the bottom is packed with layers of Granular Cells also containing many cells along with neurons. These cells are Golgi Cells, Lugaro Cells and Unipolar Brush Cells.

  • Purkinje Layer; it is a middle layer containing Purkinje Cells and Bergmann Glial Cells.

  • Molecular Layer; located at the top contains dendritic trees of Purkinje Cells.

 

FUNCTION

Cerebellum’s basic function is to calibrate the detailed form of the movement. It receives inputs from the brain, spinal cord and sensory receptors and then in turn provides exact timing for the smooth movements of the skeletal muscular system. It is also important for learning motor behaviors.

 

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Some of the medical problems which can cause Cerebellar damage are as follows.

  • Stroke

  • Hemorrhage

  • Tumors

  • Alcoholism

  • Chronic Degenerative Conditions like Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy

Cerebellum can also be affected by some form of Migraine headaches.

 



ANATOMY

Cerebellum consists of tight layers of Cortex and white matter (one of the two components of Central Nervous system) underneath it. It has many Nuclei embedded in the White matter and a fluid at the base known as Ventricle (fluid filled cavities in human brain). Cerebellum can be divided into several hundred or thousand independent functioning modules called Microzones or Microcompartments.

It is located at the bottom of brain having large mass of Cerebral Cortex above it and part of Brainstem named as Pons (part of brainstem linking Medulla Oblongata and Thalamus) in front of it. Its connection with all other brain is through these Pons. Like cerebral Cortex it is also divided into two hemispheres also having the narrow midline named Vermis. By its folds the overall structure is divided into set of ten smaller Lobules. Cerebellum has more Neurons than the rest of the brain due to its large number of tiny Granule cells. Based on its appearance there are three lobes in the Cerebellum i.e.

  • Anterior Lobe

  • Posterior Lobe

  • Flocculonodular Lobe

The two neurons that has important feature in the Cerebral Circuit are as follows.

  • Purkinje Cells

  • Granule Cells

It has three types of Axons playing key role i.e.

  • Mossy Fibers

  • Climbing Fibers

  • Parallel Fibers

Cerebral Cortex is divided into three layers which are as follows.

  • Granular Layer; situated at the bottom is packed with layers of Granular Cells also containing many cells along with neurons. These cells are Golgi Cells, Lugaro Cells and Unipolar Brush Cells.

  • Purkinje Layer; it is a middle layer containing Purkinje Cells and Bergmann Glial Cells.

  • Molecular Layer; located at the top contains dendritic trees of Purkinje Cells.

 

FUNCTION

Cerebellum’s basic function is to calibrate the detailed form of the movement. It receives inputs from the brain, spinal cord and sensory receptors and then in turn provides exact timing for the smooth movements of the skeletal muscular system. It is also important for learning motor behaviors.

 

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Some of the medical problems which can cause Cerebellar damage are as follows.

  • Stroke

  • Hemorrhage

  • Tumors

  • Alcoholism

  • Chronic Degenerative Conditions like Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy

Cerebellum can also be affected by some form of Migraine headaches.

 

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