STRUCTURE

The parotid gland has a bilateral structure and is present close to the ear (parotid is derived from paraotic meaning “around the ear”). There are two parotid glands, one on either side. They drain their secretions into the mouth through parotid duct (Stensen duct). The gland is encapsulated by a false capsule.

The gland has four surfaces and three borders (it is roughly wedge shaped). The surfaces are superficial, superior, anteromedial and posteromedial. Anterior, medial and posterior are the three borders.

Although it is the largest salivary gland, it produces only 25% of the total saliva.

BLOOD SUPPLY

The posterior auricular and transverse facial branches of External Carotid artery supply arterial blood to the parotids. Its venous drainage is through the Retromendibular vein.

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

The lymphatics from the gland drain into preauricular lymph nodes and ultimately into deep cervical lymph nodes.

CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

• Parotitis is the inflammation of parotid gland. Mumps is the most common cause of this swelling. This painful condition is due to the swelling of the gland within its capsule.

• Salivary Stones develop in the parotid duct blocking the secretions of the gland resulting in painful swelling. The stone is removed through surgery.

• Tumor of this gland is benign, 80-85% of the time. It causes pain because it compresses the facial nerve passing through it. Surgical treatment is difficult because of close relation of the facial nerve. Early detection is therefore important for prognosis.